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Effects of fuel combination and IVO timing on combustion and emissions of a dual-fuel HCCI combustion

Xin LIANG, Jianyong ZHANG, Zhongzhao LI, Jiabo ZHANG, Zhen HUANG, Dong HAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第4期页码 778-789 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0698-8

摘要： This paper experimentally and numerically studied the effects of fuel combination and intake valve opening (IVO) timing on combustion and emissions of an n-heptane and gasoline dual-fuel homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine. By changing the gasoline fraction (GF) from 0.1 to 0.5 and the IVO timing from –15°CA ATDC to 35°CA ATDC, the in-cylinder pressure traces, heat release behaviors, and HC and CO emissions were investigated. The results showed that both the increased GF and the retarded IVO timing delay the combustion phasing, lengthen the combustion duration, and decrease the peak heat release rate and the maximum average combustion temperature, whereas the IVO timing has a more obvious influence on combustion than GF. HC and CO emissions are decreased with reduced GF, advanced IVO timing and increased operational load.

关键词： homogeneous charge compression ignition dual-fuel n-heptane gasoline intake valve opening timing

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Design and analysis of dual fuel methanol-power poly-generation

Minghua WANG , Zheng LI , Weidou NI ,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第3期页码 341-347 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0023-z

摘要： A dual fuel head poly-generation flowsheet was designed based on coal gas and coke oven gas. To help clearly understand the system performance, a 1.2×10−3.2×10kg methanol and 274―496MW power poly-generation system was simulated by using the commercially available software ASPEN Plus and GT Pro. The technology scheme, the operating parameters, and the efficiency of the system were also analyzed and evaluated, which will be used for building industrial devices.

关键词： dual fuel methanol-power poly-generation CO₂ and CH₄ reforming splitting ratio

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Ignition delay of dual fuel engine operating with methanol ignited by pilot diesel

ZOU Hongbo, WANG Lijun, LIU Shenghua, LI Yu

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第3期页码 285-290 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0060-z

摘要： An investigation on the ignition delay of a dual fuel engine operating with methanol ignited by pilot diesel was conducted on a TY1100 direct-injection diesel engine equipped with an electronic controlled methanol low-pressure injection system. The experimental results show that the polytropic index of compression process of the dual fuel engine decreases linearly while the ignition delay increases with the increase in methanol mass fraction. Compared with the conventional diesel engine, the ignition delay increment of the dual fuel engine is about 1.5° at a methanol mass fraction of 62%, an engine speed of 1600 r/min, and full engine load. With the elevation of the intake charge temperature from 20°C to 40°C and then to 60°C, the ignition delay of the dual fuel engine decreases and is more obvious at high temperature. Moreover, with the increase in engine speed, the ignition delay of the dual fuel engine by time scale (ms) decreases clearly under all engine operating conditions. However, the ignition delay of the dual fuel engine increases remarkably by advancing the delivery timing of pilot diesel, especially at light engine loads.

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A novel task-oriented framework for dual-arm robotic assembly task

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第16卷第3期页码 528-545 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0638-2

摘要： In industrial manufacturing, the deployment of dual-arm robots in assembly tasks has become a trend. However, making the dual-arm robots more intelligent in such applications is still an open, challenging issue. This paper proposes a novel framework that combines task-oriented motion planning with visual perception to facilitate robot deployment from perception to execution and finish assembly problems by using dual-arm robots. In this framework, visual perception is first employed to track the effects of the robot behaviors and observe states of the workpieces, where the performance of tasks can be abstracted as a high-level state for intelligent reasoning. The assembly task and manipulation sequences can be obtained by analyzing and reasoning the state transition trajectory of the environment as well as the workpieces. Next, the corresponding assembly manipulation can be generated and parameterized according to the differences between adjacent states by combining with the prebuilt knowledge of the scenarios. Experiments are set up with a dual-arm robotic system (ABB YuMi and an RGB-D camera) to validate the proposed framework. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework and the promising value of its practical application.

关键词： dual-arm assembly AI reasoning intelligent system task-oriented motion planning visual perception

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Combustion and emissions of RP-3 jet fuel and diesel fuel in a single-cylinder diesel engine

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第5期页码 664-677 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0787-3

摘要： The combustion characteristics and emission behaviors of RP-3 jet fuel were studied and compared to commercial diesel fuel in a single-cylinder compression ignition (CI) engine. Engine operational parameters, including engine load (0.6, 0.7, and 0.8 MPa indicating the mean effective pressure (IMEP)), the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rate (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%), and the fuel injection timing (−20, −15, −10, and −5 ° crank angle (CA) after top dead center (ATDC)) were adjusted to evaluate the engine performances of RP-3 jet fuel under changed operation conditions. In comparison to diesel fuel, RP-3 jet fuel shows a retarded heat release and lagged combustion phase, which is more obvious under heavy EGR rate conditions. In addition, the higher premixed combustion fraction of RP-3 jet fuel leads to a higher first-stage heat release peak than diesel fuel under all testing conditions. As a result, RP-3 jet fuel features a longer ignition delay (ID) time, a shorter combustion duration (CD), and an earlier CA50 than diesel fuel. The experimental results manifest that RP-3 jet fuel has a slightly lower indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) compared to diesel fuel, but the ITE difference becomes less noticeable under large EGR rate conditions. Compared with diesel fuel, the nitrogen oxides (NO_x) emissions of RP-3 jet fuel are higher while its soot emissions are lower. The NO_x emissions of RP-3 can be effectively reduced with the increased EGR rate and delayed injection timing.

关键词： RP-3 jet fuel diesel engine combustion emissions

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Improved nitrogen removal in dual-contaminated surface water by photocatalysis

Yongming ZHANG, Rong YAN, Zhen ZOU, Jiewei WANG, Bruce E. RITTMANN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第3期页码 428-436 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0401-3

摘要： River waters in China have dual contamination by nutrients and recalcitrant organic compounds. In principle, the organic compounds could be used to drive denitrification of nitrate, thus arresting eutrophication potential, if the recalcitrant organics could be made bioavailable. This study investigated the potential to make the recalcitrant organics bioavailable through photocatalysis. Batch denitrification tests in a biofilm reactor demonstrated that dual-contaminated river water was short of available electron donor, which resulted in low total nitrogen (TN) removal by denitrification. However, the denitrification rate was increased significantly by adding glucose or by making the organic matters of the river water more bioavailable through photocatalysis. Photocatalysis for 15 min increased the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of the river water from 53 to 84 mg·L and led to a 4-fold increase in TN removal. The increase in TN removal gave the same effect as adding 92 mg·L of glucose. During the photocatalysis experiments, the COD increased because photocatalysis transformed organic molecules from those that are resistant to dichromate oxidation in the COD test to those that can be oxidized by dichromate. This phenomenon was verified by testing photocatalysis of pyridine added to the river water. These findings point to the potential for N removal via denitrification after photocatalysis, and they also suggest that the rivers in China may be far more polluted than indicated by COD assays.

关键词： dual contamination eutrophication photocatalysis remediation surface water

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Impacts of methanol fuel on vehicular emissions: A review

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第9期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1553-4

摘要：

● Methanol effectively reduces CO, HC, CO₂, PM, and PN emissions of gasoline vehicles.

关键词： Methanol fuel Vehicular emission Emission reduction Cleaner fuel Gasoline substitute

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Development of a dual temperature control system for isoprene biosynthesis in

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第7期页码 1079-1089 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2088-0

摘要： Conflict between cell growth and product accumulation is frequently encountered in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. To address the growth-production conflict in yeast strains harboring the isoprene synthetic pathway in the mitochondria, the dynamic control of isoprene biosynthesis was explored. A dual temperature regulation system was developed through engineering and expression regulation of the transcriptional activator Gal4p. A cold-sensitive mutant, Gal4ep19, was created by directed evolution of Gal4p based on an internally developed growth-based high-throughput screening method and expressed under the heat-shock promoter P_SSA4 to control the expression of P_GAL-driven pathway genes in the mitochondria. Compared to the control strain with constitutively expressed wild-type Gal4p, the dual temperature regulation strategy led to 34.5% and 72% improvements in cell growth and isoprene production, respectively. This study reports the creation of the first cold-sensitive variants of Gal4p by directed evolution and provides a dual temperature control system for yeast engineering that may also be conducive to the biosynthesis of other high-value natural products.

关键词： transcriptional activator directed evolution dynamic control heat-shock isoprene

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基于双CPU结构的数据监控系统设计

贾贵玺,齐乐

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第4期页码 68-71

摘要：

针对通信系统中，对所有客户线路的电压、电流、温度等数据进行实时多路采集监控，提出了一种基于双CPU结构的数据监控系统的设计方法以及硬件组成。讨论了系统主要芯片之间的连线方法以及软件流程。该系统已经成功应用在邮电系统48V通信线路监控。实践证明，双CPU设计方案不仅满足了系统高运算量、高实时性、抗干扰性要求，而且优化了软硬件设计。

关键词：数据监控双CPU 双口RAM

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Experimental study of stratified lean burn characteristics on a dual injection gasoline engine

Chun XIA, Tingyu ZHAO, Junhua FANG, Lei ZHU, Zhen HUANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第6期页码 900-915 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0812-6

摘要： Due to increasingly stringent fuel consumption and emission regulation, improving thermal efficiency and reducing particulate matter emissions are two main issues for next generation gasoline engine. Lean burn mode could greatly reduce pumping loss and decrease the fuel consumption of gasoline engines, although the burning rate is decreased by higher diluted intake air. In this study, dual injection stratified combustion mode is used to accelerate the burning rate of lean burn by increasing the fuel concentration near the spark plug. The effects of engine control parameters such as the excess air coefficient (Lambda), direct injection (DI) ratio, spark interval with DI, and DI timing on combustion, fuel consumption, gaseous emissions, and particulate emissions of a dual injection gasoline engine are studied. It is shown that the lean burn limit can be extended to Lambda= 1.8 with a low compression ratio of 10, while the fuel consumption can be obviously improved at Lambda= 1.4. There exists a spark window for dual injection stratified lean burn mode, in which the spark timing has a weak effect on combustion. With optimization of the control parameters, the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) decreases 9.05% more than that of original stoichiometric combustion with DI as 2 bar brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) at a 2000 r/min engine speed. The NO_x emissions before three-way catalyst (TWC) are 71.31% lower than that of the original engine while the particle number (PN) is 81.45% lower than the original engine. The dual injection stratified lean burn has a wide range of applications which can effectively reduce fuel consumption and particulate emissions. The BSFC reduction rate is higher than 5% and the PN reduction rate is more than 50% with the speed lower than 2400 r/min and the load lower than 5 bar.

关键词： dual injection stratified lean burn gasoline engine particulate matter emission combustion analysis

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Failure mode investigation of fuel cell for vehicle application

Zhongjun HOU, Renfang WANG, Keyong WANG, Weiyu SHI, Danming XING, Hongchun JIANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第3期页码 318-325 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0488-0

摘要： The durability of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) has been posing a key technical challenge to commercial spread of fuel cell vehicles (FCVs). To improve the durability, it is necessary to optimize the fuel cell system (FCS) design against failure modes. The fuel cell durability research method at FCS scale was exhibited, and the failure modes of fuel cell were experimentally investigated in this paper. It is found that the fuel cell dry operation, start/stop cycle and gas diffusion layer (GDL) flooding are typical failure modes of fuel cells. After the modifications against the failure modes, the durability of FCSs is improved to over 3000 h step by step.

关键词： proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) fuel cell system (FCS) durability failure mode fuel cell vehicle (FCV) carbon corrosion water management

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喷射策略对低负荷下天然气——柴油双燃料预混压燃燃烧的影响研究 Article

Hyunwook Park, Euijoon Shim, Choongsik Bae

《工程（英文）》 2019年第5卷第3期页码 548-557 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.03.005

摘要：

双燃料预混压燃（dual-fuel premixed charge compression ignition, DF-PCCI）燃烧因其氮氧化物（NO_x）和颗粒物

关键词：双燃料反应可控压燃预混压燃天然气喷射策略废气再循环

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Optimization of the power, efficiency and ecological function for an air-standard irreversible Dual-Miller

Zhixiang WU, Lingen CHEN, Yanlin GE, Fengrui SUN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第3期页码 579-589 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0557-z

摘要： This paper establishes an irreversible Dual-Miller cycle (DMC) model with the heat transfer (HT) loss, friction loss (FL) and other internal irreversible losses. To analyze the effects of the cut-off ratio ( ) and Miller cycle ratio ( ) on the power output ( ), thermal efficiency ( ) and ecological function ( ), obtain the optimal and optimal , and compare the performance characteristics of DMC with its simplified cycles and with different optimization objective functions, the , and of irreversible DMC are analyzed and optimized by applying the finite time thermodynamic (FTT) theory. Expressions of , and are derived. The relationships among , , and compression ratio ( ) are obtained by numerical examples. The effects of and on , , , maximum power output ( ), maximum efficiency ( ) and maximum ecological function ( ) are analyzed. Performance differences among the DMC, the Otto cycle (OC), the Dual cycle (DDC), and the Otto-Miller cycle (OMC) are compared for fixed design parameters. Performance characteristics of irreversible DMC with the choice of , and as optimization objective functions are analyzed and compared. The results show that the irreversible DMC engine can reach a twice-maximum power, a twice-maximum efficiency, and a twice-maximum ecological function, respectively. Moreover, when choosing as the optimization objective, there is a 5.2% of improvement in while there is a drop of only 2.7% in compared to choosing as the optimization objective. However, there is a 5.6% of improvement in while there is a drop of only 1.3% in compared to choosing as the optimization objective.

关键词： finite-time thermodynamics Dual-Miller cycle power output thermal efficiency ecological function

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Numerical investigation of the effects of fuel spray type on the interaction of fuel spray and hot porous

ZHAO Zhiguo, XIE Maozhao

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第1期页码 59-65 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0022-5

摘要： The interaction between two types of fuel spray and a hot porous medium is studied numerically by using an improved version of KIVA-3V code. The improved KIVA-3V code is incorporated with an impingement model, a heat transfer model and a linearized instability sheet atomization (LISA) model to model the hollow cone spray. An evaporating fuel spray impingement on a hot plane surface was simulated under conditions of experiments performed by Senda to validate the reasonability of the KIVA-3V code. The numerical results conform well with experimental data for spray radius in the liquid and the vapor phases. Computational results on the interaction of two types of the fuel spray and the hot porous medium show that the fuel spray can be split, which provides conditions for quick evaporation of fuel droplets and mixing of fuel vapor with air. The possibility of fuel droplets from hollow cone spray crossing the porous medium reduces compared with that from solid cone spray, with the same initial kinetic energy of fuel droplets in both injection types.

关键词： improved version impingement atomization hollow radius

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Recent advances in cathode electrocatalysts for PEM fuel cells

Junliang ZHANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第2期页码 137-148 doi: 10.1007/s11708-011-0153-y

摘要： Great progress has been made in the past two decades in the development of the electrocatalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). This review article is focused on recent advances made in the kinetic-activity improvement on platinum- (Pt-) based cathode electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The origin of the limited ORR activity of Pt catalysts is discussed, followed by a review on the development of Pt alloy catalysts, Pt monolayer catalysts, and shape- and facet-controlled Pt-alloy nanocrystal catalysts. Mechanistic understanding is reviewed as well on the factors contributing to the enhanced ORR activity of these catalysts. Finally, future directions for PEMFC catalyst research are proposed.

关键词： proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) cathode electrocatalysts platinum oxygen reduction reaction (ORR)